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Ëæ×Å»¥ÁªÍøµÄÒ»Ö±Éú³¤£¬Web½Ó¿Ú×÷ΪÈí¼þϵͳµÄÖ÷ҪͨѶ½Ó¿Ú£¬ÊÎÑÝ×ÅÔ½À´Ô½Ö÷ÒªµÄ½ÇÉ«¡£È»¶ø£¬ÍøÂç¹¥»÷ÈÕÒæ·Å×Ý£¬ÖÖÖÖÇå¾²Îó²îÒ²Ò»Ö±Ó¿ÏÖ£¬Òò´Ë±£»¤Web½Ó¿ÚµÄÇå¾²ÐÔ±äµÃÓÈΪÖ÷Òª¡£±¾ÎĽ«Í¨¹ýÏÈÈÝLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷Éϳ£¼ûµÄWeb½Ó¿ÚÇå¾²ÎÊÌ⣬²¢ÌṩһЩ´úÂëʾÀý£¬ÒÔ×ÊÖúÎÒÃǸüºÃµØ±£»¤Web½Ó¿Ú¡£

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1.1 SQL×¢Èë¹¥»÷

SQL×¢Èë¹¥»÷ÊÇÖ¸¹¥»÷Õßͨ¹ýÔÚWeb½Ó¿ÚµÄÊäÈë¿òÖÐ×¢Èë¶ñÒâµÄSQLÓï¾ä£¬´Ó¶øÈƹýÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄÑéÖ¤»úÖÆ£¬»ñµÃ¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ·ÇÊÚȨ»á¼ûȨÏÞ¡£ÎªÁËÔ¤·ÀSQL×¢Èë¹¥»÷£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÔ¤±àÒëÓï¾ä»ò²ÎÊý»¯ÅÌÎÊ£¬È·±£ÊäÈëµÄÊý¾ÝÓëSQLÓï¾äÊèÉ¢¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃJava±àдµÄʾÀý´úÂ룺

String query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?";
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(query);
statement.setString(1, username);
statement.setString(2, password);
ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery();

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1.2 ¿çÕ¾¾ç±¾¹¥»÷£¨XSS£©

XSS¹¥»÷ÊÇÖ¸¹¥»÷ÕßʹÓÃWebÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¶ÔÓû§¶ËµÄÐÅÍУ¬Í¨¹ýÔÚWebÒ³ÃæÉÏ×¢Èë¶ñÒâ´úÂ룬ʹµÃÓû§ÔÚä¯ÀÀÆ÷ÖÐÖ´ÐиôúÂ롣ΪÁËÔ¤·ÀXSS¹¥»÷£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÓû§ÊäÈë¾ÙÐйýÂ˺ÍתÒå¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃPHP±àдµÄʾÀý´úÂ룺

$userInput = $_GET['name'];
$filteredInput = htmlspecialchars($userInput, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
echo "Hello, ".$filteredInput;

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1.3 ¿çÕ¾ÇëÇóαÔ죨CSRF£©

CSRF¹¥»÷ÊÇÖ¸¹¥»÷Õßͨ¹ýαװ³ÉÕýµ±Óû§µÄÇëÇó£¬À´Ö´ÐÐһЩδ¾­ÊÚȨµÄ²Ù×÷¡£ÎªÁËÔ¤·ÀCSRF¹¥»÷£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÁîÅÆ£¨token£©¾ÙÐÐÑéÖ¤¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃPython Django¿ò¼Ü±àдµÄʾÀý´úÂ룺

from django.middleware.csrf import get_token

def my_view(request):
    csrf_token = get_token(request)
    
    # ÔÚ±íµ¥ÖÐÌí¼ÓÁîÅÆ
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'csrf_token': csrf_token})

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³ýÁ˶ÔWeb½Ó¿Ú¾ÙÐдúÂ뼶µÄÇå¾²ÉèÖÃÍ⣬ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèҪעÖØLinuxЧÀÍÆ÷×Ô¼ºµÄÇå¾²ÉèÖá£ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩ³£¼ûµÄÇå¾²ÉèÖý¨Ò飺

2.1 ¸üÐÂϵͳÈí¼þ

°´ÆÚ¸üÐÂϵͳÈí¼þÊǼá³ÖЧÀÍÆ÷Çå¾²ÐÔµÄÖ÷Òª°ì·¨¡£Í¨¹ý¸üвÙ×÷ϵͳÄںˡ¢WebЧÀÍÆ÷¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âЧÀÍÆ÷µÈ×é¼þ£¬¿ÉÒÔÖ»¹Ü×èÖ¹ÒÑÖªÇå¾²Îó²îµÄʹÓá£ÔÚDebianϵÁеÄLinux¿¯ÐаæÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁîÀ´¸üÐÂϵͳÈí¼þ£º

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

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2.2 ÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ

ÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ¿ÉÒÔÏÞÖƶÔЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ»á¼û£¬Ö»ÔÊÐíÐëÒªµÄ¶Ë¿Ú¶ÔÍ⿪·Å¡£ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃiptablesÏÂÁîÀ´ÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ¹æÔò£º

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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2.3 ʹÓÃSSHÃÜÔ¿µÇ¼

½ûÓÃÃÜÂëµÇ¼£¬Ê¹ÓÃSSHÃÜÔ¿µÇ¼¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÌá¸ßЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÇå¾²ÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃssh-keygenÏÂÁîÌìÉú¹«Ë½Ô¿¶Ô£¬È»ºó½«¹«Ô¿¸´ÖƵ½Ð§ÀÍÆ÷ÉϵÄauthorized_keysÎļþÖУ¬ÊµÏÖÎÞÃÜÂëµÇ¼¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸öʾÀý£º

ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id user@server_ip

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