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ÔõÑùʵÏÖ Nginx µÄЧÀÍÆ÷¿µ½¡¼ì²éÉèÖã¬ÐèÒªÏêϸ´úÂëʾÀý

Nginx ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ßÐÔÄÜµÄ Web ЧÀÍÆ÷ºÍ·´ÏòÊðÀíЧÀÍÆ÷£¬Ëæ×Å»¥ÁªÍøÓªÒµµÄÉú³¤£¬¶ÔЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ¸ß¿ÉÓÃÐԺͿµ½¡×´Ì¬µÄ¼à¿Ø±äµÃÔ½À´Ô½Ö÷Òª ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÏÈÈÝÔõÑùͨ¹ýÉèÖà Nginx ʵÏÖЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ¿µ½¡¼ì²é£¬²¢ÌṩÏêϸµÄ´úÂëʾÀý ¡£

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ÔÚ¾ÙÐпµ½¡¼ì²éʱ£¬Nginx Ö÷Ҫͨ¹ýÏòºó¶ËЧÀÍÆ÷·¢ËÍ HTTP ÇëÇóÀ´¼ì²âЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ¿µ½¡×´Ì¬ ¡£ÈôÊÇЧÀÍÆ÷Õý³£ÏìÓ¦ÇëÇó£¨×´Ì¬ÂëΪ2xx£©£¬ÔòÒÔΪЧÀÍÆ÷¿µ½¡£¬½«¼ÌÐø½«ÇëÇóת·¢¸ø¸ÃЧÀÍÆ÷£»ÈôÊÇЧÀÍÆ÷ûÓÐÏìÓ¦£¨³¬Ê±»ò״̬ÂëΪ5xx£©£¬ÔòÒÔΪЧÀÍÆ÷²»¿ÉÓ㬽«×èÖ¹½«ÇëÇóת·¢¸ø¸ÃЧÀÍÆ÷£¬Ö±µ½Ð§ÀÍÖØÊÓбäΪ¿ÉÓÃ״̬ ¡£

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1¡¢ÉèÖà upstream

¿µ½¡¼ì²éͨ³£ÔÚ upstream ÉèÖÿéÖоÙÐÐ ¡£upstream ÊÇ Nginx µÄÄ£¿é£¬ÓÃÓÚ½ç˵һ×éºó¶ËЧÀÍÆ÷£¬²¢ÈÏÕ潫ÇëÇó·Ö·¢¸øÕâЩЧÀÍÆ÷ ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òÆ upstream ÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

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2¡¢ÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²é²ÎÊý

ÔÚ upstream ÉèÖÿéÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÌí¼ÓһЩ²ÎÊýÀ´ÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²éµÄÐÐΪ ¡£ÀýÈ磬¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨¼ì²éµÄ¾àÀëʱ¼ä¡¢×î´óʧ°Ü´ÎÊý¡¢³¬Ê±Ê±¼äµÈ ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊdz£ÓõĿµ½¡¼ì²é²ÎÊýʾÀý£º

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

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ÉÏÊöÉèÖÃÖУ¬max_fails Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´óʧ°Ü´ÎÊý£¬fail_timeout Ö¸¶¨Á˳¬Ê±Ê±¼ä ¡£ÈôÊÇÒ»¸öЧÀÍÆ÷ÔÚÒ»Á¬Ê§°Ü´ÎÊýÁè¼Ý×î´óʧ°Ü´ÎÊýºó£¬½«»á±»ÒÔΪ²»¿ÉÓã¬Nginx ²»ÔÙ½«ÇëÇóת·¢¸ø¸ÃЧÀÍÆ÷£¬²¢ÔÝÍ£½«ÇëÇóת·¢¸ø¸ÃЧÀÍÆ÷µÄʱ¼äΪ³¬Ê±Ê±¼ä ¡£

3¡¢ÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²éÇëÇó

Nginx ͨ¹ýÏòºó¶ËЧÀÍÆ÷·¢ËÍ HTTP ÇëÇóÀ´¾ÙÐпµ½¡¼ì²é ¡£¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½ç˵һ¸ö location ¿é£¬²¢ÔÚÆäÖÐÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²éÇëÇóµÄ·¾¶ºÍÏìÓ¦ÂëÀ´ÊµÏÖ¿µ½¡¼ì²é ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¿µ½¡¼ì²éÇëÇóµÄÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

location /healthcheck {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Connection "";
}

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ÉÏÊöÉèÖÃÖУ¬/healthcheck ÊÇ¿µ½¡¼ì²éÇëÇóµÄ·¾¶£¬proxy_pass Ö¸¶¨Á˼ì²éÇëÇóת·¢µÄÄ¿µÄЧÀÍÆ÷ ¡£

4¡¢ÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²é״̬

Nginx ͨ¹ý proxy_next_upstream Ö¸ÁîÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²éµÄ״̬ ¡£µ±ËùÓÐЧÀÍÆ÷¶¼²»¿ÉÓÃʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà Nginx ·µ»ØÒ»¸ö×Ô½ç˵µÄÏìÓ¦Â룬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó·µ»Ø¸ø¿Í»§¶ËÒ»¸ö¹ýʧҳÃæ ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¿µ½¡¼ì²é״̬µÄÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        check interval=5s rise=2 fall=3 timeout=2s;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location /healthcheck {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";
        }

        error_page 502 = /custom_502.html;
        location = /custom_502.html {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            internal;
        }

        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502;
    }
}

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ÉÏÊöÉèÖÃÖУ¬check interval Ö¸¶¨Á˼ì²éµÄ¾àÀëʱ¼ä£¬rise Ö¸¶¨ÁËÒ»Á¬ÀֳɴÎÊý£¬fall Ö¸¶¨ÁËÒ»Á¬Ê§°Ü´ÎÊý£¬timeout Ö¸¶¨Á˳¬Ê±Ê±¼ä ¡£ÕâЩ²ÎÊýÓÃÓÚÉèÖÿµ½¡¼ì²éµÄÐÐΪ ¡£

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